|
Essential services may refer to a class of occupations that have been legislated by a government to have special restrictions in regard to labour actions, such as not being allowed to legally strike. The International Labour Office, a United Nations agency, makes distinctions between an essential service and a minimum service.〔(International Labour Organization ), Freedom of association - Digest of decisions and principles of the Freedom of Association Committee of the Governing Body of the ILO. Fifth (revised) edition, 2006.〕 :582. What is meant by essential services in the strict sense of the term depends to a large extent on the particular circumstances prevailing in a country. Moreover, this concept is not absolute, in the sense that a non-essential service may become essential if a strike lasts beyond a certain time or extends beyond a certain scope, thus endangering the life, personal safety or health of the whole or part of the population. : :585. The following may be considered to be essential services: : * the hospital sector : * electricity services ...; : * water supply services ...; : * the telephone service ...; : * the police and the armed forces ...; : * the fire-fighting services ...; : * public or private prison services ...; : * the provision of food to pupils of school age and the cleaning of schools ...; : * air traffic control …. : :587. The following do not constitute essential services in the strict sense of the term: : * radio and television ...; : * the petroleum sector ...; : * ports ...; : * banking ...; : * computer services for the collection of excise duties and taxes ...; : * department stores and pleasure parks ...; : * the metal and mining sectors ...; : * transport generally ...; : * airline pilots ...; : * production, transport and distribution of fuel ...; : * railway services ...; : * metropolitan transport ...; : * postal services ... : * refuse collection services ...; : * refrigeration enterprises ...; : * hotel services ...; : * automobile manufacturing ...; : * agricultural activities, the supply and distribution of foodstuffs ...; : * the Mint ...; : * Paramedics and ambulances ....; : * the government printing service and the state alcohol, salt and tobacco monopolies ...; : * the education sector ...; : * mineral water bottling company …. While maintaining a right to strike, the ILO recognizes situations and conditions under which a minimum operational service could be required. :606. The establishment of minimum services in the case of strike action should only be possible in: (1) services the interruption of which would endanger the life, : personal safety or health of the whole or part of the population (essential services in the strict sense of the term); (2) services which are not essential in the strict : sense of the term but where the extent and duration of a strike might be such as to result in an acute national crisis endangering the normal living conditions of : the population; and (3) in public services of fundamental importance. Examples where the ILO considered conditions met for a minimum operational service include a ferry service, ports, underground railway, transportation of passengers and commercial goods, postal services, refuse collection service, the mint, banking services, petroleum sector services, education services, and animal health services. == References == 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Essential services」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|